"Canine 2,8-dihydroxyadenine (2,8-DHA) urinary stones are caused by an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. This increases the risk for formation of bladder or kidney stones and can cause significant kidney disease." "2,8-DHA is among the most rare types of canine urinary stones. It has been reported in dogs with ancient breed origins, such as the Siberian Husky, Tamaskan, and Native American Indian Dog (which is derived from the Alaskan Malamute, Siberian Husky, German Shepherd Dog, and Chinook). We have also identified this stone type in wolves.Canine 2,8-DHA stones can form in the kidneys or bladder. This causes irritation that may manifest as straining to urinate, frequent urination, urgency with urination, blood in the urine, or life-threatening urinary obstructions." "Patients can present at any age. Though many patients have serious consequences, some remain asymptomatic. Males appear to be more likely to form stones than females." "Genetic test results can be used to help guide medical management of affected dogs, identify dogs at risk even before they form stones, and to inform breeding decisions." [selected from the U of MN information pages]