Marie Abitbol

Abstract - Over the past 15 years, the advent of powerful tools for exploring the canine genome has led to the discovery of a growing number of genes and mutations involved in canine diseases or traits of interest. To date, more than 670 canine inherited traits have been identified, more than 200 of which have been elucidated at the molecular level (gene and mutation identified). These mutation discoveries result in screening and diagnostic DNA tests for inherited diseases, but also in DNA tests for desirable traits such as coat colour or texture. In order to put these tests to good use, it is essential to understand the specificities of canine and feline inherited diseases, which determine the fields of application for these tests and the interpretation of their results. The first part of this chapter presents the genetic characteristics of the canine species and the basics of canine genetics. The second part addresses the use of screening and diagnostic tests for inherited diseases, with a focus on genetic counselling and the parameters that determine the interpretation of test results. The third part concentrates on the search for informations on canine inherited diseases and the tests available. The final part presents tests for aesthetic characteristics such as coat colour.